Solaris: A Foundation Model of the Sun

Solaris is a foundation model for forecasting the Sun’s atmosphere. It is pretrained on 13 years of full-disk, multi-wavelength imagery from the Solar Dynamics Observatory, spanning a complete solar cycle.

Built on a 109-million-parameter 3D Swin Transformer, Solaris learns from the spatial, temporal, and spectral structure of solar observations to produce forecasts at 12-hour intervals.

The model also transfers to a wavelength excluded from pretraining and outperforms models trained from scratch in a low-data setting, demonstrating how foundation-model methods can capture and reuse the dynamics of the solar atmosphere.

Paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.16339